Semana 8 : Real conditionals

The first conditional We use the First Conditional to talk about future events that are likely to happen. •If we take John, he'll be really pleased. •If you give me some money, I'll pay you back tomorrow. •If they tell us they want it, we'll have to give it to them. •If Mary comes, she'll want to drive. The 'if' clause can be used with different present forms. •If I go to New York again, I'll buy you a souvenir from the Empire State Building. •If he's feeling better, he'll come. •If she hasn't heard the bad news yet, I'll tell her. The "future clause" can contain 'going to' or the future perfect as well as 'will'. •If I see him, I'm going to tell him exactly how angry I am. •If we don't get the contract, we'll have wasted a lot of time and money. The "future clause" can also contain other modal verbs such as 'can' and 'must'. •If you go to New York, you must have the cheesecake in Lindy's. •If he comes, you can get a lift home with him.

Semana 7: Past Perfect

Past Perfect We use past perfect continuous to talk about longer actions or events that happened before or up to another action or event in the past. •He was tired because he had been playing football all day. •They 'd been driving for three hours when the accident happened. •When I saw her I could see that she had been crying. 2.When the action or event is more temporary we often use past perfect continuous, and when it is more permanent we often use past perfect simple. •We found the house where my grandparents had lived - Past perfect simple •We found a house where another family had been living for a few months The past perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "had" with the past participle. Examples I had studied. He had written a letter to María. We had been stranded for six days In Spanish, the past perfect tense is formed by using the imperfect tense of the auxiliary verb "haber" with the past participle. Haber is conjugated as follows había habías había habíamos habíais habían Examples (yo) Había vivido. I had lived. (tú) Habías vivido. You had lived. (él) Había vivido. He had lived. (nosotros) Habíamos vivido. We had lived. (vosotros) Habíais vivido. You-all had lived. (ellos) Habían vivido. They had lived. Cuando llegaron los padres, los niños ya habían comido. When the parents arrived, the children had already eaten. Yo había comido antes de llamarles. I had eaten prior to calling them Negative (yo) No había vivido. I had not lived. (tú) No habías vivido. You had not lived. (él) No había vivido. He had not lived. (nosotros) No habíamos vivido. We had not lived. (vosotros) No habíais vivido. You-all had not lived. (ellos) No habían vivido. They had not lived. Questions ¿Habían llegado ya las chicas? Had the girls arrived yet? ¿Habías probado ya el postre? Had you tried the dessert yet?

Semana 6 : Past of the Modals: Should have and Could have

Using Past forms of Modals Bien como ya conocemos,"Should" significa dar un consejo a una persona y "Can" es una habilidad algo que puedas hacer,pero ahora en esta clase vemos que tenemos que utilizar el pasado de estos Modals. Utilizamos Should +have + un verbo en pasado participio.Por ejemplo: You should have done the homework ( Tú deberías haber hecho la tarea) En el caso de Could en pasado tenemos el siguiente ejemplo: She could have played volleyball ( Ella pudo haber jugado volleyball

Semana 5: Reported Speech

Reported Speech

El estilo indirecto se utiliza cuando citamos lo que una persona dijo en algun momento, pero no al pie de la letra, es decir, en estilo indirecto. Por ejemplo: En estilo directo decimos, “I’m a nurse”, Claire said, pero en estilo indirecto diriamos: Claire said she was a nurse. Para pasar de estilo directo a indirecto, cambiamos la forma del verbo principal . DIRECTO / REPORTED SPEECH Presente simple/ pasado simple —> ‘I’m a nurse’, she said. / She said she was a nurse. Presente continuo/ Pasado continuo—–>’I'm not going’, he said/ He said he wasn’t going pasado simple/pasado perfecto——-> ‘ Tony did it’ , he said/ He said Tony had done it presente perfecto(/ pasado perfecto—–> ‘ I haven’t read it’, she said/ She said she hadn’t read it. Pasado continuo/ pasado perfecto continuo —–>’Iwas lying’ Tom said/ Tom said he had been lying Will futuro/ Would—–> ‘I’ll get it’, she said/ She said she would get it. Can / Could—–>’ I can speak French’he said/ he said he could speak French May/ Might —–> ‘ I may be late’ she said/ she said she might be late Must/ Had to——> ‘ I must go ‘ she said/ She said she had to go

Semana 4 : Passive voice

Passive Voice in Present Para entender este concepto tienes que saber primero qué es la voz activa. La voz activa es la forma en que hablamos habitualmente. Siempre decimos que alguien (una persona) realiza (o no realiza) una acción. Por ejemplo: Presente: Robert cuts the apple.( Roberto corta la manzana ) Passive : The apple is cut by Robert ( La manzana es cortada por Robert ) Pasado : Robert cut the apple ( Roberto cortó la manzana ) Passive: The apple was cut by Robert Structure Objeto (hace de Sujeto) + verbo "to be" conjugado + participio pasado + complemento. Por ejemplo: This house was built in 1980.( Esta casa fue construida en 1980) Debemos recordar estimados alumnos, que usted tiene conocimiento de las estructuras anteriores,ahora solamente es recordarlo, espero que este material le sirva de apoyo. PRESENT AND PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE, by Esther Martinez
Find this and other passive voice exercises in English Exercises .org">

Semana 3 : Present Perfect Continuos

Present Perfect Continuos ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre "Yo he estado estudiando inglés." y "Yo he estudiado inglés" Cuando decimos "Yo he estado estudiando inglés" resaltamos el hecho de que la acción, que ha sido realizada en un pasado reciente, se prolongó durante el tiempo. En cambio, cuando decimos "Yo he estudiado inglés" simplemente nos referimos a que la acción fue realizada en un pasado reciente. En inglés "Yo he estado estudiando inglés" es "I have been studying English." [aihavbiin stadinginglish] y este tiempo se denomina en inglés: "Present Perfect Continuous". "I have studied English", es el Present Perfect, que ya hemos visto. Veamos la estructura del "Present Perfect Continuous" (como su nombre indica es una combinación de "Present Perfect" y "Continuous") en oraciones afirmativas: Estructura: Sujeto + have/has + been + verbo principal terminado en "ing" . 1.- I have been working 2.-She has been studying Recuerda: el "Presente Perfect Continuous" sirve para hablar de un pasado reciente poniendo énfasis en que la acción se prolongó durante un tiempo. Equivale en español a la estructura: Yo/Tú..he/has... + estado + verbo principal acabado en ando/endo. Por ejemplo: Yo he estado durmiendo Interrogative Has she been working? Have you been dancing Reggaeton? negative She has not been painting

Semana 2 : Indirect Questions

Semana 2 : Indirect Questions Indirect questions son preguntas usados para hablar con más cortesía o para expresar dudas. En inglés podemos decir what is your name? pero se considera un poco maleducado y como no tenemos diferentes conjugaciones como tú y usted debemos hacer otra cosa. Por eso tenemos indirect questions. Do you know What your name is? ( pregunta Indirecta ) Recuerda que al anteponer la pregunta Indirecta lo que era una pregunta directa se ha convertido ahora en una oración. Una pregunta indirecta contiene dos claúsulas. Una comienza así: Could you tell me? Do you know ?, Can you tell me ? Etc. La otra es una pregunta directa pero cambiado a una affirmación. Ej. What is the time? (pregunta directa) Could you tell me what the time is? (pregunta indirecta) Vea la posición del verbo to be. En la pregunta indirecta is va al final de la oración porque en este caso no es una pregunta. Con el verbo 'to be? ponemos el sujeto y el verbo al revés para formar una pregunta Más ejemplos Where is John? (pregunta directa) Do you know where John is ?(pregunta indirecta para expresar duda) What are you doing? (pregunta directa) Can you tell me what you are doing? (pregunta indirecta para expresar duda) How are you? (pregunta directa) Could you tell me how you are? (pregunta indirecta para preguntar con cortesía) Más ejemplos: Is he unhappy? Can you tell me if he is unhappy Are they still in England? Could you tell me if they are still in England Todos estos ejemplos de arriba utiliza el verbo to be. Cuando no utilizamos el verbo to be también tenemos que quitar el sentido de que la pregunta directa es una pregunta. They live in th U.S.A. (afirmación) Do they live in the U.S.A.? (pregunta) Do you know if they live in the U.S.A. ? Más ejemplos: Do know Juan? Can you tell me if you know Juan Where do you come from? Could you tell me where you come from What do you want to drink? Would you mind telling me what you want to drink. Espero que esta explicación le sirva de apoyo en sus estudios